Unity vs Ecumenism CASE STUDY of 2 Kings - David and Solomon
A few Days ago while in deep prayer, asking the Lord for a deeper understanding of my study in 1 Chronicles Chapter 27 KJV, I was prompted to write the following study.
First, I could not comprehend this distinction if I did not know the teaching in “Wrestling as Jacob – True ISRAEL knows Jesus Christ very up close and personal.”
True Israel is not defined by carnal lineage or national identity, but by those who wrestle with God face to face as Jacob did at Peniel (Genesis 32:24-30 KJV), prevailing through intimate struggle, receiving a new name, and walking with a lifelong limp of dependence.
This wrestling reveals that many who claim the name “Israel” today — especially through modern Zionism — represent a fleshly counterfeit, while true Israel consists of believers (Jew or Gentile) who know Christ up close and personal through suffering, prayer, and transformation (Romans 9:6-8 KJV; Galatians 3:28-29 KJV).
Note: There is no doubt in my mind that during the Day of The Lord aka Tribulation period millions and millions will come to the saving grace and knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ and Call Upon Him to be saved. Of these numbers there will be vast numbers of Muslims who already revere Jesus Christ. This will vastly outnumber the Jews who think they are of the seed of Abraham which I have outlined to exhaustion in my studies Who is Israel:
https://www.thethirdheaventraveler.com/2026/01/who-is-israel-bible-lesson-for.html
https://www.thethirdheaventraveler.com/2026/01/case-study-of-loving-messianic-jew-who.html
Why I call Simon a Brother of another Father and Mother.
Understand Brother - (biological, military bonding - Phileo etc) and Brother IN Christ and the differences.
https://www.thethirdheaventraveler.com/2026/04/why-i-call-simon-brother-of-another.html
DO YOU REALLY KNOW WHAT LOVE MEANS?
https://www.thethirdheaventraveler.com/2025/11/love.html
https://www.thethirdheaventraveler.com/2026/01/who-is-israel-bible-lesson-for.html
https://www.thethirdheaventraveler.com/2026/01/case-study-of-loving-messianic-jew-who.html
Why I call Simon a Brother of another Father and Mother.
Understand Brother - (biological, military bonding - Phileo etc) and Brother IN Christ and the differences.
https://www.thethirdheaventraveler.com/2026/04/why-i-call-simon-brother-of-another.html
DO YOU REALLY KNOW WHAT LOVE MEANS?
https://www.thethirdheaventraveler.com/2025/11/love.html
Because of severe time constraints and an overwhelming workload I read the Chapter and studied it - 1 Chronicles 27 KJV.
I then ran cross checks and comparisons between my previous Blogs listed below and used AI to write out the analysis below after revisions to delete doctrinal errors bringing it into compliance with KJV doctrine.
Note: What used to take me a week now takes a few moments. However please NOTE I have to go over the material several times to glean out errors. Nevertheless, I urge my readers and subscribers to check and be Good Bereans as always.
God bless you. With Much Love.
I present the following:
Important Warning to All Readers and Students of These Studies:
Before engaging with any study material comparing King David and King Solomon—including my ESSENTIAL BLOG STUDIES:
The Messianic Psalms Are Vital to Our Faith 7 part study:
Genesis 48 and the Harlot and the Moabite .. More Proof
5 Outcast Women - The Mystery of the Church
King Solomon: Type and Shadow of the AC
The Adversary, Satan, is actively working in these last days to seduce believers into ecumenism and the dangerous merging of doctrines into “one faith” that disregards or dilutes sound biblical truth. Any push toward a false unity that crosses or compromises clear biblical doctrines is unbiblical and opens the door to deception.
The KEY is BELIEVE - FRUIT. Only God knows a person's heart we only see the Fruit:
Scripture repeatedly warns against unequal yoking, mixture, and the blending of truth with error (2 Corinthians 6:14-18; Ephesians 5:11; 2 Timothy 4:3-4; Revelation 18:4).
True unity among believers is only possible when it is founded strictly upon the unchanging Word of God and the person of Jesus Christ, never at the expense of doctrinal purity.
These studies are presented as a contrast between two kings who both walked with God yet took very different paths:
King David — repeatedly called “a man after God’s own heart” (1 Samuel 13:14; Acts 13:22).
David organized the united kingdom with wisdom, drawing capable leaders from the tribes of Israel and even appointing skilled outsiders (such as Obil the Ishmaelite over the camels and Jaziz the Hagerite over the flocks — 1 Chronicles 27:16-22, 25-31).
He surrounded himself with loyal men of diverse backgrounds, including foreign warriors like the Cherethites and Pelethites, Ittai the Gittite, Uriah the Hittite, Zelek the Ammonite, and others among his mighty men (2 Samuel 15:18-21; 23:8-39; 1 Chronicles 11). Yet in every case, David required faithful alignment with Jehovah and loyalty to the God of Israel.
He never compromised core worship or doctrine. His administrative inclusiveness served the kingdom under the clear authority of the one true God. This reflects practical wisdom, political healing after civil strife, and a heart that valued competence and proven loyalty while remaining rooted in exclusive devotion to Jehovah.
It foreshadows aspects of the coming Messianic kingdom where people from many nations will serve the Lord, but always under His righteous rule (Genesis 12:3; Matthew 8:11).
The Genesis 48 background further illustrates how God sovereignly brings outsiders into the spiritual seed of Israel by grace and faith, not by bloodline or mixture (Genesis 48:5; Galatians 3:7, 29; Romans 4:16).
King Solomon — began with great wisdom and blessing but later allowed his heart to be turned away from undivided devotion to the Lord through his many foreign wives and their gods (1 Kings 11:1-13).
What started as political alliances and administrative breadth ended in spiritual compromise, idolatry, and divine judgment. Solomon’s later life stands as a solemn warning against allowing relationships, cultural blending, or pragmatic “unity” to erode exclusive loyalty to God.
The purpose of these studies is not to promote modern ecumenism, interfaith dialogue, or the crossing of doctrinal lines under the banner of “unity.”
Rather, they highlight the critical difference between:
Godly, Scripture-governed administration that can wisely utilize diverse talents while remaining uncompromising on truth, and
Compromise that begins with good intentions but leads the heart astray when boundaries are crossed.
Compromise that begins with good intentions but leads the heart astray when boundaries are crossed.
David’s example shows that a leader after God’s heart can build strength by recognizing gifted individuals from various backgrounds provided they demonstrate genuine loyalty to the Lord and operate under His authority.
Solomon’s fall illustrates how even great wisdom can be undermined when foreign influences introduce divided allegiances.
Reader’s Responsibility:
Approach these materials prayerfully. Test everything against the full counsel of Scripture (Acts 17:11; 1 Thessalonians 5:21). Do not allow any teaching to be twisted into support for today’s widespread ecumenical movements that seek to merge contradictory doctrines or faiths.
Approach these materials prayerfully. Test everything against the full counsel of Scripture (Acts 17:11; 1 Thessalonians 5:21). Do not allow any teaching to be twisted into support for today’s widespread ecumenical movements that seek to merge contradictory doctrines or faiths.
Satan delights in using partial truths and historical examples to lure believers into unequal yokes and spiritual mixture.
May the Lord grant you discernment, wisdom, and a heart that remains steadfastly after His own — like David at his best — while guarding against the subtle turning that overtook Solomon.
“Prove all things; hold fast that which is good.” (1 Thessalonians 5:21 KJV)
“Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers…” (2 Corinthians 6:14 KJV)
1 Chronicles 27 KJV:
—“David assign princes over the lands”—is clearly 1 Chronicles 27, where the Chronicler records David’s full administrative structure for the united kingdom. Verses 16–22 list the princes/rulers/officers over the tribes of Israel (i.e., the tribal lands and territories). Verses 25–31 then list the stewards and rulers over the king’s actual lands, treasures, fields, vineyards, herds, and livestock—the “substance” and economic heart of the kingdom.
Here is the exact KJV text of the key sections (full chapter context is military rotations in vv. 1–15, then these civil appointments):
16 Furthermore over the tribes of Israel: the ruler of the Reubenites was Eliezer the son of Zichri: of the Simeonites, Shephatiah the son of Maachah:
17 Of the Levites, Hashabiah the son of Kemuel: of the Aaronites, Zadok:
18 Of Judah, Elihu, one of the brethren of David: of Issachar, Omri the son of Michael:
19 Of Zebulun, Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah: of Naphtali, Jerimoth the son of Azriel:
20 Of the children of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Azaziah: of the half tribe of Manasseh, Joel the son of Pedaiah:
21 Of the half tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, Iddo the son of Zechariah: of Benjamin, Jaasiel the son of Abner:
22 Of Dan, Azareel the son of Jeroham. These were the princes of the tribes of Israel. 25 And over the king’s treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and over the storehouses in the fields, in the cities, and in the villages, and in the castles, was Jehonathan the son of Uzziah:
26 And over them that did the work of the field for tillage of the ground was Ezri the son of Chelub:
27 And over the vineyards was Shimei the Ramathite: over the increase of the vineyards for the wine cellars was Zabdi the Shiphmite:
28 And over the olive trees and the sycomore trees that were in the low plains was Baalhanan the Gederite: and over the cellars of oil was Joash:
29 And over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai:
30 Over the camels also was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the Meronothite:
31 And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerite. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David’s.
(Note: Asher and Gad are omitted from the tribal list—likely a textual or historical gap, not intentional exclusion.)
Detailed Commentary (Section by Section)
Verses 1–15: Military foundation first
David starts with 12 rotating divisions of 24,000 men each (one per month). These captains come from various tribes (many from Judah, but also Ephraim, Benjamin, etc.). This creates a professional standing army while giving every part of the nation a stake in national defense. It’s centralized yet tribal-sensitive.
Verses 16–22: Princes over the tribes (“the lands”)
These are not military generals or priests (those were covered earlier in chs. 23–26). These are civil princes—administrators, “lords-lieutenants” over each tribe’s territory and people. David deliberately pulls leaders from every major tribal region: Reuben, Simeon, Levi (civil), Aaron (priestly), Judah (his own), Issachar, Zebulun, Naphtali, Ephraim, both halves of Manasseh (west and east of Jordan), Benjamin, and Dan.
This is post-civil-war Israel (after Saul’s house vs. David’s). By naming a prince from each tribe, David is healing deep fractures. He respects ancient tribal identities while subordinating them to the throne in Jerusalem. Elihu (prince of Judah) is even David’s own older brother—family leadership, but not nepotism run wild.
Verses 25–31: Rulers over the royal lands and substance
Here the “lands” become very concrete: treasures, storehouses, farmland, vineyards, olive groves, cattle, camels, donkeys, and sheep. David appoints specialists over the king’s vast personal and national wealth. Most are Israelites from specific regions (Ramathite, Sharonite, Gederite—showing geographic spread), but two stand out as non-Israelites:
Obil the Ishmaelite → over the camels (Ishmaelites = descendants of Abraham’s son Ishmael; nomadic Arab-related people, different culture, originally different faith trajectory).
Jaziz the Hagerite → over the flocks (Hagrites = another tribal group often at war with Israel; associated with Ishmaelites and sometimes viewed as outsiders/enemies).
These are not token appointments. Camels and large flocks were economically vital in ancient Israel. David put proven experts in charge—regardless of bloodline.
Why David Reached Across Different Cultures and Even Faith Backgrounds
Here is the exact KJV text of the key sections (full chapter context is military rotations in vv. 1–15, then these civil appointments):
16 Furthermore over the tribes of Israel: the ruler of the Reubenites was Eliezer the son of Zichri: of the Simeonites, Shephatiah the son of Maachah:
17 Of the Levites, Hashabiah the son of Kemuel: of the Aaronites, Zadok:
18 Of Judah, Elihu, one of the brethren of David: of Issachar, Omri the son of Michael:
19 Of Zebulun, Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah: of Naphtali, Jerimoth the son of Azriel:
20 Of the children of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Azaziah: of the half tribe of Manasseh, Joel the son of Pedaiah:
21 Of the half tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, Iddo the son of Zechariah: of Benjamin, Jaasiel the son of Abner:
22 Of Dan, Azareel the son of Jeroham. These were the princes of the tribes of Israel. 25 And over the king’s treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and over the storehouses in the fields, in the cities, and in the villages, and in the castles, was Jehonathan the son of Uzziah:
26 And over them that did the work of the field for tillage of the ground was Ezri the son of Chelub:
27 And over the vineyards was Shimei the Ramathite: over the increase of the vineyards for the wine cellars was Zabdi the Shiphmite:
28 And over the olive trees and the sycomore trees that were in the low plains was Baalhanan the Gederite: and over the cellars of oil was Joash:
29 And over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai:
30 Over the camels also was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the Meronothite:
31 And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerite. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David’s.
(Note: Asher and Gad are omitted from the tribal list—likely a textual or historical gap, not intentional exclusion.)
Detailed Commentary (Section by Section)
Verses 1–15: Military foundation first
David starts with 12 rotating divisions of 24,000 men each (one per month). These captains come from various tribes (many from Judah, but also Ephraim, Benjamin, etc.). This creates a professional standing army while giving every part of the nation a stake in national defense. It’s centralized yet tribal-sensitive.
Verses 16–22: Princes over the tribes (“the lands”)
These are not military generals or priests (those were covered earlier in chs. 23–26). These are civil princes—administrators, “lords-lieutenants” over each tribe’s territory and people. David deliberately pulls leaders from every major tribal region: Reuben, Simeon, Levi (civil), Aaron (priestly), Judah (his own), Issachar, Zebulun, Naphtali, Ephraim, both halves of Manasseh (west and east of Jordan), Benjamin, and Dan.
This is post-civil-war Israel (after Saul’s house vs. David’s). By naming a prince from each tribe, David is healing deep fractures. He respects ancient tribal identities while subordinating them to the throne in Jerusalem. Elihu (prince of Judah) is even David’s own older brother—family leadership, but not nepotism run wild.
Verses 25–31: Rulers over the royal lands and substance
Here the “lands” become very concrete: treasures, storehouses, farmland, vineyards, olive groves, cattle, camels, donkeys, and sheep. David appoints specialists over the king’s vast personal and national wealth. Most are Israelites from specific regions (Ramathite, Sharonite, Gederite—showing geographic spread), but two stand out as non-Israelites:
Obil the Ishmaelite → over the camels (Ishmaelites = descendants of Abraham’s son Ishmael; nomadic Arab-related people, different culture, originally different faith trajectory).
Jaziz the Hagerite → over the flocks (Hagrites = another tribal group often at war with Israel; associated with Ishmaelites and sometimes viewed as outsiders/enemies).
These are not token appointments. Camels and large flocks were economically vital in ancient Israel. David put proven experts in charge—regardless of bloodline.
Why David Reached Across Different Cultures and Even Faith Backgrounds
THE HEART OF THE MATTER:
This is the heart of the matter, and 1 Chronicles 27 shows it beautifully.
This is the heart of the matter, and 1 Chronicles 27 shows it beautifully.
David didn’t just unify the 12 tribes of Israel (already culturally diverse after centuries of settlement and Saul’s turbulent reign). He intentionally included outsiders in high-trust roles. Here’s the layered reasoning from Scripture and the historical context:
Merit and Expertise Over Ethnicity
Obil the Ishmaelite wasn’t given camels because of affirmative action—he was given them because Ishmaelites were renowned camel handlers. Jaziz the Hagerite knew flocks. David ran a competency-based administration. In a growing empire, you use the best talent available. This is practical wisdom (Proverbs 27:23–27 echoes the same stewardship mindset).
Political Healing and National Unity
After years of civil war, David needed buy-in from every corner of Israel. Giving each tribe its own prince said, “You matter. This is our kingdom, not Judah’s alone.” Including Ishmaelites and Hagrites sent an even stronger message: loyalty to David and to Jehovah mattered more than ancestry. It turned potential enemies into stakeholders.
David’s Personal Background and Heart
David himself had Moabite blood (through Ruth). He had lived as a fugitive among Philistines and Moabites.
Merit and Expertise Over Ethnicity
Obil the Ishmaelite wasn’t given camels because of affirmative action—he was given them because Ishmaelites were renowned camel handlers. Jaziz the Hagerite knew flocks. David ran a competency-based administration. In a growing empire, you use the best talent available. This is practical wisdom (Proverbs 27:23–27 echoes the same stewardship mindset).
Political Healing and National Unity
After years of civil war, David needed buy-in from every corner of Israel. Giving each tribe its own prince said, “You matter. This is our kingdom, not Judah’s alone.” Including Ishmaelites and Hagrites sent an even stronger message: loyalty to David and to Jehovah mattered more than ancestry. It turned potential enemies into stakeholders.
David’s Personal Background and Heart
David himself had Moabite blood (through Ruth). He had lived as a fugitive among Philistines and Moabites.
His personal bodyguard included Cherethites and Pelethites (foreign mercenaries) and his mighty men list (1 Chronicles 11) includes Ammonites, Moabites, and others. David knew gifted, loyal people could come from anywhere. As “a man after God’s own heart,” he reflected God’s heart for the nations (Genesis 12:3; 2 Samuel 22:50).
Theological Vision of an Inclusive Kingdom
Theological Vision of an Inclusive Kingdom
Israel was never meant to be an ethnic fortress. God called Abraham so that “all families of the earth” would be blessed (Genesis 12:3). David’s reign foreshadows the Messiah’s kingdom, where “many shall come from the east and west” (Matthew 8:11). By appointing Ishmaelites and Hagrites, David modeled that anyone who aligns with the God of Israel and serves faithfully can have a place in the house of David. This is the same spirit that later let foreigners help build the temple (1 Chronicles 22:2).
Practical Kingdom-Building for the Future
David was preparing Israel for Solomon’s golden age and the temple. A prosperous, well-managed economy required skilled stewards everywhere. Bridging cultures created stability, innovation, and resilience. It also prevented tribal jealousy—everyone saw themselves represented.
Key Lessons for Today
Unity doesn’t erase diversity—it harnesses it. David kept tribal identities intact but bound them under one throne and one God. Great leadership celebrates strengths from every background while refusing division.
Competence + loyalty > pedigree. In the church, business, or community, promote the Obils and Jazizs—the skilled outsiders who prove faithful. God often uses the “unlikely” (1 Corinthians 1:26–29).
True godly leadership heals old wounds. David could have ruled only through Judahites. Instead he reached out. When we build teams or churches that cross cultural or “faith-background” lines (while staying true to Scripture), we reflect the heart of the King of kings.
Never underestimate administrative faithfulness. These “princes over the lands” aren’t flashy like warriors or singers, yet their work made the entire kingdom function. Quiet, excellent stewardship of resources is kingdom work.
Final Takeaway:
1 Chronicles 27 shows David as a brilliant, humble, God-centered organizer who refused to let tribalism or xenophobia limit God’s blessing. He bridged cultures and backgrounds not for political correctness, but because he trusted that anyone who feared Jehovah and served faithfully belonged in the kingdom. The same God who gave David wisdom to appoint an Ishmaelite over camels still delights in leaders today who build diverse, competent, Scripture-shaped teams for His glory.
. The Cherethites and Pelethites (David’s Elite Royal Guard / Bodyguard)
Role: Personal bodyguard and special forces unit. They accompanied David in battle, during flight from Absalom (2 Samuel 15:18), and at key transitions like Solomon’s coronation (1 Kings 1:38–44). They also served as executioners when needed.
Commanded by: Benaiah son of Jehoiada (an Israelite from the tribe of Levi – 2 Samuel 8:18; 20:23; 1 Chronicles 18:17).
Origins: Foreign mercenaries. Cherethites likely from Crete (or related to Philistines); Pelethites probably from Philistia. They are consistently listed separately from the main Israelite army.
Significance: David trusted these foreigners with his personal safety more than many native troops at times. Their loyalty proved especially strong during Absalom’s rebellion, when some Israelites turned against the king.
2. The Gittites (600 men from Gath)
Role: A contingent of Philistine-origin soldiers who marched with David and served as a loyal unit.
Notable Leader: Ittai the Gittite — a commander who brought his own family and 600 men. When David fled Jerusalem during Absalom’s coup, he urged Ittai to return home because he was “a foreigner and an exile” who had only recently arrived. Ittai refused, pledging total loyalty: “As the LORD liveth, and as my lord the king liveth, surely in what place my lord the king shall be, whether in death or life, even there also will thy servant be” (2 Samuel 15:21).
Why notable: Ittai’s voluntary commitment, despite being a recent arrival from a Philistine city (Gath), highlights deep personal allegiance to David and Jehovah.
3. Foreigners Among David’s “Mighty Men” (The Thirty / Elite Warriors)
David’s elite fighting force (listed in 2 Samuel 23:8–39 and 1 Chronicles 11:10–47) included several non-Israelites who rose to the highest military honor:
Uriah the Hittite (2 Samuel 23:39; 1 Chronicles 11:41) — One of the Thirty. A Hittite (from a people group originally from Anatolia/modern Turkey, with presence in Canaan). He was a trusted officer whose loyalty to the army and the Ark of Jehovah was exemplary (he refused to go home to his wife while the ark and his comrades were in the field – 2 Samuel 11). Tragically, David later arranged his death.
Zelek the Ammonite (2 Samuel 23:37; 1 Chronicles 11:39) — From the Ammonite people (east of the Jordan), traditional enemies of Israel.
Ithmah the Moabite (1 Chronicles 11:46) — From Moab, another neighboring nation often in conflict with Israel.
Others in the broader lists (e.g., Nahari the Beerothite) also reflect diverse backgrounds.
These men were not mere mercenaries; their inclusion among the “mighty men” who “gave him strong support in his kingdom” (1 Chronicles 11:10) indicates proven faithfulness in battle and service to Jehovah’s anointed king.
4. Other Notable Foreign or Outsider Connections
David’s own ancestry included Moabite blood through Ruth.
His early mighty men and followers included people from various regions, and he had lived among Philistines and Moabites during his fugitive years.
Later, when preparing for the temple, David gathered “strangers” (foreigners/gerim) living in Israel to help with stone preparation (1 Chronicles 22:2).
Why David Reached Across Cultures and Faith Backgrounds (Expanded from 1 Chronicles 27)
David’s pattern was consistent: he valued competence, proven loyalty, and alignment with Jehovah over strict ethnic purity.
Practical wisdom: Foreign specialists (like Obil with camels or the Cherethites/Pelethites as elite guards) brought skills Israelites might not have had in equal measure. Ishmaelites and Hagrites were known for handling livestock in arid regions.
Political strategy and unity: After civil war and years as a fugitive, David needed reliable forces who owed their position directly to him rather than tribal loyalties. Foreign units were less likely to join domestic rebellions.
Theological heart: As “a man after God’s own heart,” David reflected God’s broader purpose — blessing all nations through Abraham’s line (Genesis 12:3). Foreigners who feared Jehovah and served faithfully (like Ruth, Rahab, or these warriors) found a place in Israel’s story. This foreshadows the Messiah’s kingdom welcoming people “from every nation.”
Personal experience: David knew what it was like to be an outsider. He showed mercy and opportunity to those who proved trustworthy.
Contrast with later kings: Solomon later relied on foreign labor for the temple but also married many foreign wives who led him into idolatry.
SEE MY DISCLAIMER ABOVE TO FULLY UNDERSTAND THE DANGER
David’s approach was more selective — loyalty to Jehovah came first.
Key Lessons:
Godly leadership looks for character and skill, not just pedigree. Many of these foreigners demonstrated greater faithfulness than some native Israelites.
True unity under God transcends background while remaining rooted in worship of Jehovah.
Even in the Old Testament, the door was open for outsiders who aligned with the God of Israel.
David’s use of these appointees strengthened the kingdom at a critical time of expansion and consolidation. It shows a balanced leadership: centralized under God’s anointed king, yet inclusive of anyone willing to serve faithfully.
Key Lessons:
Godly leadership looks for character and skill, not just pedigree. Many of these foreigners demonstrated greater faithfulness than some native Israelites.
True unity under God transcends background while remaining rooted in worship of Jehovah.
Even in the Old Testament, the door was open for outsiders who aligned with the God of Israel.
David’s use of these appointees strengthened the kingdom at a critical time of expansion and consolidation. It shows a balanced leadership: centralized under God’s anointed king, yet inclusive of anyone willing to serve faithfully.
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